Hillel

Herod's reign of terror, enforced through a secret police and foreign mercenaries, silenced dissent among Jews except for a few who resisted quietly. This silence, particularly among scholars like Hillel and Shammai, left Herod no excuse to target them.

*Shammai* and his followers distanced themselves from political affairs, instead focusing on Jewish law and the Oral Torah to preserve Jewish wisdom and tradition in the face of external challenges.