Ya'aleh V'Yavo in Birkat Hamazon
Guidance for Forgetting Ya'aleh V'Yavo
Question
Hello to the honored rabbi,
1. Today during the Amidah of Maariv, when I reached the Retzeh blessing, I suddenly had doubts if it was already Rosh Chodesh and I needed to say Ya'aleh V'Yavo. In the end, I didn't say it, and it turned out I didn't need to. What should be done in such a situation? Should I never say it?
2. If I didn't say it and it turns out I should have, should I repeat only the Amidah?
3. I want to confirm: in a month with 29 days, there is one day of Rosh Chodesh, and in a month with 30 days, there are two days?
4. In Shacharit and Mincha, if I forget to say Ya'aleh V'Yavo, do I have to repeat the prayer?
5. In Birkat Hamazon, if I forget to say Ya'aleh V'Yavo, do I have to go back to the beginning of the blessing or just to the blessing before Ya'aleh V'Yavo?
Thank you very much, Roy
Answer
1. You should discreetly ask the person next to you (by pointing out the Ya'aleh V'Yavo section in the siddur) whether Ya'aleh V'Yavo is recited. 2. If one forgets Ya'aleh V'Yavo during Maariv, they do not repeat the Amidah. However, if you remember before saying Hashem's name in the blessing "ha'machazir Shechinato l'Tzion," you should recite Ya'aleh V'Yavo. 3. Correct. 4. If one forgets to say Ya'aleh V'Yavo in Shacharit or Mincha, they must repeat the prayer. If remembered after saying "Baruch Ata Hashem" of "ha'machazir Shechinato l'Tzion" (but before completing it), one should say "Lamdaini Chukecha" and then recite Ya'aleh V'Yavo. If remembered after "ha'machazir Shechinato l'Tzion" but before starting "Modim," recite Ya'aleh V'Yavo at that point. If remembered only after completing "Modim," repeat the Amidah if not yet finished. 5. If one forgets Ya'aleh V'Yavo in Birkat Hamazon, they do not repeat it, as there is no obligation to eat bread on Rosh Chodesh. However, if remembered before "hatoov v'hameitiv," they can say: "Baruch sh'natan roshei chadashim l'amo Yisrael l'zikaron." According to Sephardi custom, this should be said without mentioning Hashem's name, while Ashkenazi custom includes Hashem's name.
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