Daily Halacha: Peeling Fruits and Removing Bones

Is it permissible to remove bones from fish on Shabbat?

Yes, it is permitted to remove bones from fish while eating, and this is not considered separating waste from food. Since you’re doing it as part of the eating process, it is allowed.

However, if the bones have already been separated from the fish or meat and are now sitting on the plate, you should not remove them from the plate. Instead, gently push them to the side of the plate. That way, you avoid the issue of borer (sorting), which is one of the 39 forbidden types of work on Shabbat.
This halacha is explained in Chazon Ovadia.

Is it permissible to peel fruits that are not for immediate use?

On Shabbat, it is permitted to peel garlic, onions, pomegranates, eggs, or other fruits either by hand or with a knife, as long as it’s for immediate consumption. This is considered part of the normal way of eating and is not a problem of separating waste from food.

However, you should not peel them to save for later, like for another meal or to put aside. The halacha allows peeling only when it’s right before eating.
This is based on Yalkut Yosef.

From “Ach Tov VaChesed – Daily Halacha” by Hidabroot