Halacha: What Blessing is Recited for Papaya?

For papaya, ha'adama is the initial blessing.

At the end of consumption, borei nefashot is the concluding blessing.

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The amount eaten to be obligated for a concluding blessing (from "Daily Halacha" based on the rulings of the late Rabbi Ovadia Yosef, zt"l):

For anything a person eats, they must recite an "initial blessing," such as "shehakol" or "ha'etz." Even if only consuming a small amount, one must say a blessing as long as they intend to eat it. (However, if the intent is merely to taste it to adjust the seasoning, like adding spices, no blessing is required.) Therefore, someone chewing gum with flavor, even if swallowing very little, must bless for the enjoyment of its flavor. Similarly, when drinking something, one should bless even for just a single drop.

However, this only applies to the initial blessing. A concluding blessing is only recited when one has eaten a "significant portion." The measure for a significant portion is "kezayit," which is 27 grams. For drinks, the measure is a "revi'it," which is 81 grams.

Additionally, eating or drinking must be done within a time frame where consumption is continuous. For instance, if one eats a "kezayit" of bread over the whole day, bit by bit, they cannot say Grace after Meals. The entire "kezayit" must be eaten within the time it takes to eat "p'ras." Opinions vary on this duration; some say five minutes, others about seven and a half minutes (and there are more views). It's best to always eat a kezayit within four and a half minutes to fulfill all opinions, especially during Shabbat meals.

Regarding a concluding blessing for drinks, one must drink a revi'it (81 grams) at once. If there's a pause between sips, no concluding blessing is recited. Thus, someone eating soup with a spoon will not recite a concluding blessing for it, as they haven't consumed a revi'it at once. Similarly, someone drinking hot coffee or tea doesn't say a concluding blessing since they can't drink it in one go.​