Study Finds Diverse Diet Linked to Better Mental Health in Adults

A study out of the UK suggests that older adults who aren’t picky eaters and enjoy a variety of foods may have healthier brains and better mental well-being than those who follow more restrictive diets, such as vegetarianism.

What Did the Study Show?

Researchers tracked the eating habits of approximately 180,000 people in the UK, aiming to uncover links between dietary preferences and mental health. People who reported eating a wide range of foods, especially those including meat, also reported better emotional and psychological well-being than those who avoided certain food groups. A limited diet such as a vegetarian or high-protein, low-fiber plan, was associated with higher levels of anxiety and emotional distress.

The study focused not on physical health outcomes, but specifically on mental health and mood.

Balanced Diet = Better Mood?

“People need a more balanced diet to maintain better mental well-being,” said Jianfeng Feng, who led the research at Fudan University in Shanghai and the University of Warwick in the UK.

Published in Nature Mental Health, the study involved scientists from both China and the UK, who asked participants to rate their preferences across 140 foods and beverages in 10 categories: Drinks, Dairy, Carbohydrates, Fruits, Fish, Meat, Vegetables, Flavor enhancers, Alcohol, Snacks

The results showed:

• 57% of participants had balanced preferences across all food categories

• 18% avoided or reduced starch-heavy foods

• 5% followed a vegetarian diet

• 19% preferred high-protein, low-fiber diets

Key Findings

• People who ate more fruits and vegetables but less protein-rich foods reported higher rates of anxiety, depression, and emotional distress

• Those who followed high-protein diets also exhibited anxiety symptoms

• Meat eaters generally reported better mental health than those who avoided it

According to Professor Rebecca MacPherson from Brock University in Ontario, Canada: “The findings show a strong connection between specific dietary preferences and mental health, cognitive performance, and brain imaging. More preclinical studies are needed to understand the biological mechanisms behind these effects.”

While diet is deeply personal, and often driven by ethical, cultural, or health beliefs, this study highlights the importance of variety and balance when it comes to mental well-being. Limiting food groups may not only impact physical health but also your mood, stress levels, and overall emotional resilience.