Halacha: What Blessing is Recited on an Orange?

For an orange, the blessing recited is 'Haetz' (the first blessing)

At the end of consumption, 'Borei Nefashot' is recited (the last blessing)

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The amount of consumption needed to require a last blessing (from "Halacha Yomit" based on the rulings of Maran Rabbi Ovadia Yosef zt"l):

For any food a person consumes, they must bless a "first blessing" on it, such as "Shehakol" or "Haetz". Even if one only eats a small amount of the food, a blessing is required, as long as the intent is for eating. (However, if the intent is merely to taste the food for improving it with spices, etc., no blessing is required at all). Therefore, one who chews flavored chewing gum, despite only swallowing a tiny bit, must still bless for enjoying the flavor. Similarly, one who drinks should bless, even if drinking just a single drop.

However, this applies only to the first blessing. The last blessing is only recited when one has eaten a "significant consumption", and the measure for significant consumption is a "kezayit", which is twenty-seven grams. For drinks, the measure is a "revi'it", which is eighty-one grams.

Additionally, the eating or drinking must occur within a duration where the consumption combines. If a person eats a "kezayit" of bread over an entire day, crumb by crumb, they certainly cannot recite Birkat Hamazon afterward. The eating of a "kezayit" should be within the time frame for "Achilat Pras", and there is a disagreement among authorities as to how long this is, with some saying five minutes and others seven and a half minutes (and there are other opinions too). Therefore, it is advisable to eat a "kezayit" (especially during Shabbat meals) within four and a half minutes to satisfy all opinions.

Regarding the last blessing on drinks, one must drink a "revi'it" (eighty-one grams) at once, as pausing between sips means no last blessing is needed. Therefore, someone sipping soup with a spoon does not bless after drinking it, as they did not consume a "revi'it" at once. Similarly, one drinking hot coffee or tea does not bless afterward, as they cannot drink it all at once.