Breakthrough Study: Weight Loss Treatment Significantly Reduces Heart Disease Risk

GLP-1 receptor analogs mimic hormones that stimulate insulin production, promote a feeling of fullness, and reduce appetite. Previously, the medication gained popularity as an effective treatment for diabetes and showed an average decrease of over 14% in body weight for weight loss treatment.

Now, a new study published by the American Heart Association and in The New England Journal of Medicine sheds light on a groundbreaking approach in managing cardiovascular health for people with obesity but without diabetes, addressing whether this medication also reduces heart events for them.

The researchers conducted a comprehensive trial involving over 17,000 patients over age 45 with a body mass index (BMI) of 27 and above (average 33), with existing cardiovascular disease but no history of diabetes. Participants were divided into two groups, one receiving semaglutide and the other a placebo.

The findings were significant, showing that during an average follow-up of nearly 40 months, 6.5% of the participants in the treatment group experienced major cardiovascular events like heart attacks or strokes, compared to 8% in the placebo group. This 20% reduction in heart disease risk demonstrated the efficacy of obesity treatment in reducing such risks.

Additionally, the treatment led to significant weight loss (9.4% in patients compared to 0.88% in the placebo) and waist circumference reduction, further showcasing the metabolic benefits of the drug.

These findings have far-reaching implications. Obesity, affecting a large portion of the global population, is a critical factor in cardiovascular diseases. This study highlights the potential of the treatment to address cardiovascular risks in a significant population segment that wasn't previously the focus of such treatments. The results held regardless of the initial BMI of the participants, suggesting the drug's benefits may extend beyond just weight loss. Essentially, this study marks a significant step in combating heart disease, particularly among those struggling with obesity. It opens a new therapeutic avenue, offering hope beyond traditional lifestyle interventions and bariatric surgery. However, it also brings to the forefront the need for equitable access to such treatments and a continued focus on preventive strategies against obesity.

Avi Karsik is the director of the Obesity Clinic at the DMC Center for Diabetes, Obesity, and Endocrinology.